DAF
What Are Donor-Advised Funds (DAFs)?
A Donor-Advised Fund (DAF) is a charitable giving vehicle that functions like a flexible, tax-advantaged investment account dedicated to supporting nonprofit organizations. It is sponsored and managed by a public charity—typically a community foundation, financial institution, or specialized organization like Fidelity Charitable or the National Philanthropic Trust—that qualifies as a 501(c)(3) under IRS rules. Here’s how it works in simple steps:
- Contribution: A donor (individual, family, or business) makes an irrevocable contribution to the DAF. This can include cash, stocks, real estate, or other appreciated assets. The donor receives an immediate income tax deduction in the year of the contribution—up to 60% of their adjusted gross income (AGI) for cash gifts and up to 30% of AGI for long-term appreciated securities—without paying capital gains taxes on the donated assets.
- Investment Growth: The sponsoring organization invests the funds in a diversified portfolio chosen by the donor (or a default option). The assets can grow tax-free over time, potentially increasing the amount available for charity.
- Grant Recommendations: The donor (or their advisors) can recommend grants to qualified 501(c)(3) charities at any time, but the sponsoring organization has final approval to ensure compliance. There are no required timelines for distributions, though some sponsors encourage a minimum annual payout (e.g., 5%).
DAFs have surged in popularity—they’re the fastest-growing form of charitable giving in the U.S.—because they simplify philanthropy, offer tax efficiency, and allow donors to bundle gifts, support multiple causes, and even involve family in decision-making.
Setting Up a Donor-Advised Fund (DAF) for Church Giving
If you’d like to use a DAF to support your church (or other charities), it’s a straightforward process that can be completed in days or weeks, depending on the sponsor and asset type. As a donor, you’ll establish the fund, contribute assets for an immediate tax deduction, and then recommend grants to your church at your pace. Churches qualify as recipients since they’re typically 501(c)(3) organizations. Here’s a step-by-step guide based on standard practices:
- Choose a DAF Sponsor: Select a public charity that administers DAFs. Options include national providers like Fidelity Charitable, Schwab Charitable, or Vanguard Charitable (low fees, easy online setup); community foundations (local focus); or faith-aligned ones like the Presbyterian Foundation or Deseret Trust Company (for LDS-affiliated giving). Compare fees (often 0.6-1% annually), minimums ($0-$25,000 initial contribution), and investment options. Faith-based sponsors may prioritize religious causes.
- Open Your DAF Account: Contact the sponsor via their website or phone for a consultation (often free). Complete an online application, which includes naming your fund (e.g., “Smith Family Faith Fund”), designating yourself (and family/successors) as advisors, and selecting an initial investment strategy (e.g., conservative stocks or bonds). This takes 15-30 minutes and can be done digitally. No legal fees are needed, unlike private foundations.
- Make Your Initial Contribution: Transfer cash, stocks, mutual funds, real estate, or even cryptocurrency to the DAF. You’ll get an immediate tax receipt for the fair market value, qualifying for deductions up to 60% of AGI for cash or 30% for appreciated assets (no capital gains tax). Use the sponsor’s forms for non-cash gifts, which may require appraisals for large items. Funds are irrevocable once contributed.
- Invest and Grow the Fund: The sponsor invests your assets tax-free. You can recommend changes to the portfolio annually, allowing growth before granting.
- Recommend Grants to Your Church: Log in to your online portal anytime to suggest grants (minimums like $50). Provide your church’s name, EIN (22-2730428), and purpose (e.g., “roof repair fund”). The sponsor reviews and approves (usually quick for verified 501(c)(3)s), then sends the check directly to the church. You can grant anonymously or in your name, and there’s no deadline—though some sponsors suggest 5% annual payouts.